本文节选自外刊《自然》，论文部分内容如下：Electrocatalytic upcycling of Polyethylene terephthalate to commodity chemicals and H2 fuel聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯对商品化学品和H2燃料的电催化上循环Plastic wastes represent a largely untapped resource for manufacturing chemicals and fuels, particularly considering their environmental and biological threats.塑料废物是制造化学品和燃料的一个基本上未开发的资源，特别是考虑到它们对环境和生物的威胁。
Here we report electrocatalytic upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic to valuable commodity chemicals (potassium diformate and terephthalic acid) and H2 fuel.这里我们报道了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)塑料对有价值的商品化学品(二甲酸钾和对苯二甲酸)和H2燃料的电催化上循环。
Preliminary techno-economic analysis suggests the profitability of this process when the ethylene glycol (EG) component of PET is selectively electrooxidized to formate (>80% selectivity) at high current density (>100 mA cm−2).初步的技术经济分析表明，当聚酯中的乙二醇组分在高电流密度(> 100毫安·平方厘米)下被选择性电氧化成甲酸盐(> 80%选择性)时，该方法是有利的。
A nickel-modified cobalt phosphide (CoNi0.25P) electrocatalyst is developed to achieve a current density of 500 mA cm−2 at 1.8 V in a membrane-electrode assembly reactor with >80% of Faradaic efficiency and selectivity to formate.研制了一种镍改性磷化钴电催化剂，在膜电极组装反应器中，在1.8 V下获得500毫安厘米2的电流密度，法拉第效率和甲酸选择性> 80%。
Detailed characterizations reveal the in-situ evolution of CoNi0.25P catalyst into a low-crystalline metal oxy(hydroxide) as an active state during EG oxidation, which might be responsible for its advantageous performances.详细的表征揭示了在EG氧化过程中，CoNi0.25P催化剂原位演变成低结晶金属氧(氢氧化物)作为活性状态，这可能是其有利性能的原因。
This work demonstrates a sustainable way to implement waste PET upcycling to value-added products.这项工作展示了一种可持续的方式来实现废聚酯的增值产品。
重点词汇untapped未被开发的；未被利用的polyethylene terephthalate聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯；对酞酸聚乙烯terephthalic acid酞酸；对苯二酸profitability利益率；盈利能力；收益性；盈利（情况）ethylene glycol乙二醇selectively有选择地formate编队飞行；【化】甲酸盐；甲酸脂current density电流密度phosphide磷化物faradaic电感应的；电感应产生的Over 8 billion tons of plastics have been produced to date, and 79% of them are discarded and accumulated in landfills or aquatic systems , representing a severe environmental and biological threat.迄今已生产了80多亿吨塑料，其中79%被丢弃并堆积在垃圾填埋场或水生系统中，构成了严重的环境和生物威胁。
Plastic reclaim is essential for non-renewable resource saving, thereby reducing CO2 emission, according to the circular economy principle.根据循环经济原则，塑料回收对节约不可再生资源至关重要，从而减少二氧化碳排放。
Conventional plastic recycling strategies (e.g., mechanical methods) had limited success (<10% recycling rate) and the reproduced materials are suffering from inferior properties compared with the virgin plastic, and such process is often called downcycling model.传统的塑料回收策略(例如机械方法)的成功率有限(< 10%的回收率)，并且与原始塑料相比，再生材料的性能较差，这种方法通常被称为下循环模型。
In this respect, chemical reclaim provides an alternative route to get more value from wastes by catalytically processing them to high-quality monomer subunits or upcycling into value-added products.在这方面，化学回收提供了一种替代途径，通过将废物催化加工成高质量的单体亚单元或升级为增值产品，从废物中获得更多价值。
The success of these approaches would rely on the efficiency and selectivity of the catalysts and also the sustainability and profitability of the process.这些方法的成功将取决于催化剂的效率和选择性，以及该过程的可持续性和盈利性。
重点词汇discarded丢弃；（discard的过去分词）；丢弃的reclaim重新得到；收回；取回；要求归还；要求恢复；开垦；开拓；改造；回收利用；感化；归还要求；再要求；再主张；退还non-renewable resource非再生资源；不可再生资源circular economy循环经济limited success有限成功reproduced生殖；重现；复制；（reproduce的过去分词）get more获得更多；得到更多；得到更catalytically催化地monomer单体value-added增值；附加值Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is produced ~70 million tons annually for packaging and textiles, but only a small fraction (<20%) of them are recycled mainly via mechanical method (Fig. 1a).聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)每年生产约7000万吨，用于包装和纺织品，但其中只有一小部分(< 20%)主要通过机械方法回收(图1a)。
Thermal recycling approaches (such as, hydrogenolysis and glycolysis) lead to the recovery of monomers (terephthalic acid (PTA) or bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate) under elevated temperatures.热循环方法(如氢解和糖酵解)导致在高温下回收单体(对苯二甲酸(PTA)或对苯二甲酸双(2-羟乙基)酯)。
The polyester nature of PET makes it readily decomposed into its monomers under mild conditions catalyzed by base or hydrolases, which can be further transformed into valuable products.聚酯的聚酯性质使其在温和条件下容易被碱或水解酶催化分解成单体，这些单体可以进一步转化为有价值的产品。
Recently, Erwin and co-workers reported a photoreforming strategy for converting PET waste into clean H2 fuel and oxygenates (i.e., formate, glyoxal, and acetate) under mild conditions.最近，欧文和他的同事报道了一种在温和条件下将聚酯废料转化为清洁的H2燃料和含氧化合物(即甲酸盐、乙二醛和乙酸盐)的光反应策略。
The ethylene glycol (EG) component of PET is readily oxidized by photogenerated holes which improves H2 production rate from water.聚酯中的乙二醇成分很容易被光生空穴氧化，这提高了水的H2产率。
Despite the well-established methodology, the process still suffers from low spatial productivity and poor selectivity towards a single high-value oxidation product (Supplementary Table 1).尽管已有成熟的方法，该方法仍然存在空间生产率低和对单一高价值氧化产物选择性差的问题(补充表1)。
重点词汇polyethylene terephthalate聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯；对酞酸聚乙烯small fraction小部分hydrogenolysis氢解作用glycolysis酵解terephthalic acid酞酸；对苯二酸hydroxyethyl羟乙基terephthalate对苯二酸盐pet waste PET废料；聚酯工艺废料formate编队飞行；【化】甲酸盐；甲酸脂glyoxal乙二醛Electrocatalysis can be powered by renewable energy (solar, wind, and hydro) that represents a sustainable and attractive strategy to generate clean H2 from water at cathode and value-added oxygenates from organic compounds at anode under mild conditions.电催化剂可以由可再生能源(太阳能、风能和水能)提供动力，这是一种可持续的、有吸引力的策略，可以在温和的条件下从阴极的水中产生清洁的H2，从阳极的有机化合物中产生增值的含氧化合物。
It has obtained great advancements in efficient and selective transformation of various organic compounds, such as simple alcohols and renewable biomass-derived oxygenates, and varieties of valuable carbonyl chemicals such as formate, acetate, 2,5-furandicarboxylate, adipate can be obtained.它在有效和选择性转化各种有机化合物方面取得了巨大进展，例如简单的醇和可再生的生物质衍生的含氧化合物，并且可以获得各种有价值的羰基化学物质，例如甲酸盐、乙酸盐、2，5-呋喃二甲酸盐、己二酸盐。
However, the electrocatalytic reforming of PET waste into valuable products is largely unexplored.然而，将聚酯废料电催化转化为有价值的产品在很大程度上还没有被探索过。
重点词汇powered by由...供电；由...驱动hydro旅馆；水力发电厂；水力电；电advancements进步；前进；升任；进展；（advancement的复数）alcohols酒精；醇类；（alcohol的复数）varieties of多样的carbonyl含碳酰基的；羰基；碳酰基formate编队飞行；【化】甲酸盐；甲酸脂adipate己二酸pet waste PET废料；聚酯工艺废料unexplored未经勘探的；地图未标记的；未经详细评估（或讨论）的Here, we show an electrocatalytic strategy for PET waste upcycling to commodity chemicals of potassium diformate (KDF) and PTA paired with H2 production using a bifunctional CoNi0.25P electrocatalyst in KOH electrolyte (Fig. 1b).在这里，我们展示了一种电催化策略，利用KOH电解液中的双功能CoNi0.25P电催化剂，将PET废物循环至商品化学品二甲酸钾(KDF)和PTA，与H2产品配对(图1b)。
The PET is digested in alkaline solution to give its monomers including PTA and EG, and the latter is selectively (>90%) undergoing C–C cleavage to formate over anodic CoNi0.25P catalyst in electrolyzer, alongside the H2 generation over the same catalyst at cathode.聚酯在碱性溶液中消化，得到其单体，包括对苯二甲酸和乙二醇，后者选择性地(> 90%)进行碳碳裂解，在电解槽中的阳极0.25磷催化剂上形成甲酸盐，同时在阴极的相同催化剂上产生H2。
Subsequently, formic acid is used as an acidifier of the PET electrolyte for PTA precipitation and regeneration by filtration, and the resulting liquid stream is transformed into solid KDF by concentration and crystallization.随后，甲酸被用作聚酯电解质的酸化剂，用于通过过滤进行精对苯二甲酸沉淀和再生，所得液体物流通过浓缩和结晶转化为固体KDF。
Preliminary techno-economic analysis (TEA) estimates the net revenues of ~$350 for upcycling per tonne of waste PET under commercially relevant current density (>300 mA cm−2).初步技术经济分析(TEA)估计，在商业相关电流密度(> 300毫安·厘米2)下，每吨废聚酯的回收净收入约为350美元。
Comprehensive analysis of the material after reactions reveal the formation of metal phosphide/oxy(hydroxide) core–shell structure during cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and a complete reconstruction of phosphide to low-crystalline oxy(hydroxide) analogue under anodic conditioning, which might be responsible for its high catalytic performance.对反应后材料的综合分析揭示了在阴极析氢反应(HER)过程中金属磷化物/氧(氢氧化物)核-壳结构的形成，以及在阳极条件下磷化物向低结晶氧(氢氧化物)类似物的完全重构，这可能是其高催化性能的原因。
重点词汇pet waste PET废料；聚酯工艺废料paired成对的bifunctional双官能团的；有两种不同功能的digested消化；吸收；（digest的过去式和过去分词）；摘要cleavage劈开；分裂；乳沟；细胞分裂；卵裂；解理；劈理formate编队飞行；【化】甲酸盐；甲酸脂anodic阳极的electrolyzer电解剂formic acid甲酸；蚁酸acidifier[助剂]酸化剂；成酸剂基于多年的语言学习实践，发现，随着社会的飞速发展，英语、汉语等重要语言也在不断的与时俱进。
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