★ 强度 strength 构件截面材料或连接抵抗破坏的能力。
强度计算是防止结构构件或连接因材料强度被超过而破坏的计算。
★ 承载能力 load-carrying capacity 结构或构件不会因强度、稳定或疲劳等因素破坏所能承受的最大内力；或塑性分析形成破坏机构时的最大内力；或达到不适应于继续承载的变形时的内力。
★ 脆断 brittle fracture 一般指钢结构在拉应力状态下没有出现警示性的塑性变形而突然发生的脆性断裂。
★ 强度标准值 characteristic value of strength 国家标准规定的钢材屈服点(屈服强度)或抗拉强度。
★ 强度设计值 design value of strength 钢材或连接的强度标准值除以相应抗力分项系数后的数值。
★ 一阶弹性分析 first order elastic analysis 不考虑结构二阶变形对内力产生的影响，根据未变形的结构建立平衡条件，按弹性阶段分析结构内力及位移。
★ 阶弹性分析 second order elastic analysis 考虑结构二阶变形对内力产生的影响，根据位移后的结构建立平衡条件，按弹性阶段分析结构内力及位移。
★ 屈曲 buckling 杆件或板件在轴心压力、弯矩、剪力单独或共同作用下突然发生与原受力状态不符的较大变形而失去稳定。
★ 腹板屈曲后强度 post-buckling strength of web plate 腹板屈曲后尚能继续保持承受荷载的能力。
★ 通用高厚 normalizde web slenderness 参数，其值等于钢材受弯、受剪或受压屈服强度除以相应的腹板抗弯、抗剪或局部承压弹性屈曲应力之商的平方根。
★ 整体稳定 overall stability 在外荷载作用一下，对整个结构或构件能否发生屈曲或失稳的评估。
★ 有效宽度。
effective width 在进行截面强度和稳定性计算时，假定板件有效的那一部分宽度。
★ 有效宽度系数 effective width factor 板件有效宽度与板件实际宽度的比值。
★ 算长度 effective length 构件在其有效约束点间的几何长度乘以考虑杆端变形情况和所受荷载情况的系数而得的等效长度，用以计算构件的长细比。
计算焊缝连接强度时采用的焊缝长度。
★ 长细比、slenderness ratio 构件计算长度与构件截面回转半径的比值。
★ 换算长细比 equivalent slenderness ratio 在轴心受压构件的整体稳定计算中，按临界力相等的原则，将格构式构件换算为实腹构件进行计算时所对应的长细比或将弯扭与扭转失稳换算为弯曲失稳时采用的长细比。
★ 支撑力 nodal bracing force 为减小受压构件(或构件的受压翼缘)的自由长度所设置的侧向支承处，在被支撑构件〔或构件受压翼缘)的屈曲方向，所需施加上该构件(或构件受压翼缘)截面剪心的侧向力。
★ 无支撑纯框架 unbraced frame 依靠构件及节点连接的抗弯能力，抵抗侧向荷载的框架。
★ 强支撑框架 frame braced with strong bracing system 在支撑框架中，支撑结构(支撑析架、剪力墙、电梯井等)抗侧移刚度较大，可将该框架视为无侧移的框架。
★ 弱支撑框架 frame braced with weak bracing system 在支撑框架中，支撑结构抗侧移刚度较弱，不能将该框架视为无侧移的框架。
★ 摇摆柱 leaning column 枢架内两端为铰接不能抵抗侧向荷载的柱。
★ 柱腹板节点域 panel zone of column web 框架梁柱的刚接节点处，柱腹板在梁高度范围内的区域。
★ 球形钢支座 spherical steel bearing 使结构在支座处可以沿任意方向转动的钢球面作为传力的铰接支座或可移动支座。
★ 橡胶支座 couposite rubber and steel support 满足支座位移要求的橡胶和薄钢板等复合材料制品作为传递支座反力的支座。
★ 主管 chord member 钢管结构构件中，在节点处连续贯通的管件，如桁架中的弦杆。
★ 支管 bracing member 钢管结构中，在节点处断开并与主管相连的管件，如桁架中与主管相连的腹杆。
★ 隙节点 gap joint 两支管的趾部离开一定距离的管节点。
★ 搭接节点 overlap joint 在钢管节点处，两支管相互搭接的节点。
★ 平面管节点 uniplanar joint 支管与主管在同一平面内相互连接的节点。
★ 空间管节点 multiplanar joint 在不同平面内的支管与主管相接而形成的管节点。
★ 组合构件 built-up member 由一块以上的钢板(或型钢)相互连接组成的构件，如工字形截面或箱形截面组合梁或柱。
★ 钢与混凝土组合梁 composite steel and concrete beam 由混凝土翼板与钢梁通过抗剪连接件组合而成能整体受力的梁。
Aacceptable quality 合格质量 acceptance lot 验收批量 aciera 钢材 admixture 外加剂 against slip coefficient between friction surface of high-strength bolted connection 高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数aggregate 骨料 air content 含气量 air-dried timber 气干材 allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of masonry wall or column 砌体墙、柱容许高厚比 allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细比 allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member 受压木构件容许长细比 allowable stress range of fatigue 疲劳容许应力幅 allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement 钢筋拉应变限值 allowable value of crack width 裂缝宽度容许值 allowable value of deflection of structural member 构件挠度容许值 allowable value of deflection of timber bending member 受弯木构件挠度容许值 allowable value of deformation of steel member 钢构件变形容许值 allowable value of deformation of structural member 构件变形容许值 allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structure 抗震结构层间位移角限值 amplified coefficient of eccentricity 偏心距增大系数 anchorage 锚具 anchorage length of steel bar 钢筋锚固长度 approval analysis during construction stage 施工阶段验算 arch 拱 arch with tie rod 拉捍拱 arch-shaped roof truss 拱形屋架 area of shear plane 剪面面积 area of transformed section 换算截面面积 aseismic design 建筑抗震设计 assembled monolithic concrete structure 装配整体式混凝土结构 automatic welding 自动焊接 auxiliary steel bar 架立钢筋Bbackfilling plate 垫板 balanced depth of compression zone 界限受压区高度 balanced eccentricity 界限偏心距 bar splice 钢筋接头 bark pocket 夹皮 batten plate 缀板 beam 次梁 bearing plane of notch 齿承压面 bearing plate 支承板 bearing stiffener 支承加劲肋 bent-up steel bar 弯起钢筋 block 砌块 block masonry 砌块砌体 block masonry structure 砌块砌体结构 blow hole 气孔 board 板材 bolt 螺栓 bolted connection (钢结构螺栓连接 bolted joint (木结构螺栓连接 bolted steel structure 螺栓连接钢结构 bonded prestressed concrete structure 有粘结预应力混凝土结构 bow 顺弯 brake member 制动构件breadth of wall between windows 窗间墙宽度 brick masonry 砖砌体 brick masonry column 砖砌体柱 brick masonry structure 砖砌体结构 brick masonry wall 砖砌体墙 broad-leaved wood 阔叶树材 building structural materials 建筑结构材料 building structural unit 建筑结构单元building structure 建筑结构 built-up steel column 格构式钢柱 bundled tube structure 成束筒结构burn-through 烧穿butt connection 对接butt joint 对接 butt weld 对接焊缝Ccalculating area of compression member 受压构件计算面积 calculating overturning point 计算倾覆点 calculation of load-carrying capacity of member 构件承载能力计算 camber of structural member 结构构件起拱 cantilever beam 挑梁 cap of reinforced concrete column 钢筋混凝土柱帽 carbonation of concrete 混凝土碳化 cast-in-situ concrete slab column structure 现浇板柱结构 cast-in-situ concrete structure 现浇混凝土结构 cavitation 孔洞 cavity wall 空斗墙 cement 水泥 cement content 水泥含量 cement mortar 水泥砂浆 characteriseic value of live load on floor or roof 楼面、屋面活荷载标准值 characteristi cvalue o fwindload 风荷载标准值 characteristic value of concrete compressive strength 混凝土轴心抗压强度标准值 characteristic value of concrete tensile strength 混凝土轴心抗拉标准值characteristic value of cubic concrete compressive strength 混凝土立方体抗压强度标准值 characteristic value of earthquake action 地震作用标准值 characteristic value of horizontal crane load 吊车水平荷载标准值 characteristic value of masonry strength 砌体强度标准值 characteristic value of permanent action 永久作用标准值 characteristic value of snowload 雪荷载标准值 characteristic value of strength of steel 钢材强度标准值 characteristic value of strength of steel bar 钢筋强度标准值 characteristic value of uniformly distributed live load 均布活标载标准值 characteristic value of variable action 可变作用标准值 characteristic value of vertical crane load 吊车竖向荷载标准值 charaeteristic value of material strength 材料强度标准值 checking section of log structural member， 原木构件计算截面 chimney 烟囱 circular double-layer suspended cable 圆形双层悬索 circular single-layer suspended cable 圆形单层悬索 circumferential weld 环形焊缝 classfication for earthquake-resistance of buildings 建筑结构抗震设防类别 clear height 净高 clincher 扒钉 coefficient of equivalent bending moment of eccentrically loaded steel memher (beam-column 钢压弯构件等效弯矩系数 cold bend inspection of steelbar 冷弯试验 cold drawn bar 冷拉钢筋 cold drawn wire 冷拉钢丝 cold-formed thin-walled sectionsteel 冷弯薄壁型钢 cold-formed thin-walled steel structure 冷弯薄壁型钢结构 cold-rolled deformed bar 冷轧带肋钢筋 column bracing 柱间支撑 combination value of live load on floor or roof 楼面、屋面活荷载组合值compaction 密实度 compliance control 合格控制 composite brick masonry member 组合砖砌体构件 composite floor system 组合楼盖 composite floor with profiled steel sheet 压型钢板楼板 composite mortar 混合砂浆 composite roof truss 组合屋架 compostle member 组合构件 compound stirrup 复合箍筋 compression member with large eccentricity 大偏心受压构件 compression member with small eccentricity 小偏心受压构件 compressive strength at an angle with slope of grain 斜纹承压强度 compressive strength perpendicular to grain 横纹承压强度 concentration of plastic deformation 塑性变形集中 conceptual earthquake-resistant design 建筑抗震概念设计 concrete 混凝土 concrete column 混凝土柱 concrete consistence 混凝土稠度 concrete floded-plate structure 混凝土折板结构 concrete foundation 混凝土基础 concrete mix ratio 混凝土配合比 concrete wall 混凝土墙 concrete-filled steel tubular member 钢管混凝土构件 conifer 针叶树材 coniferous wood 针叶树材 connecting plate 连接板 connection 连接 connections of steel structure 钢结构连接 connections of timber structure 木结构连接 consistency of mortar 砂浆稠度 constant cross-section column 等截面柱 construction and examination concentrated load 施工和检修集中荷载 continuous weld 连续焊缝 core area of section 截面核芯面积 core tube supported structure 核心筒悬挂结构 corrosion of steel bar 钢筋锈蚀 coupled wall 连肢墙 coupler 连接器 coupling wall-beam 连梁 coupling wall-column... 墙肢 coursing degree of mortar 砂浆分层度 cover plate 盖板 covered electrode 焊条 crack 裂缝 crack resistance 抗裂度 crack width 裂缝宽度 crane girder 吊车梁crane load 吊车荷载 creep of concrete 混凝土徐变 crook 横弯 cross beam 井字梁 cup 翘弯 curved support 弧形支座 cylindrical brick arch 砖筒拱Ddecay 腐朽 decay prevention of timber structure 木结构防腐 defect in timber 木材缺陷 deformation analysis 变形验算 degree of gravity vertical for structure or structural member 结构构件垂直度 degree of gravity vertical forwall surface 墙面垂直度 degree of plainness for structural memer 构件平整度 degree of plainness for wall surface 墙面平整度 depth of compression zone 受压区高度 depth of neutral axis 中和轴高度 depth of notch 齿深 design of building structures 建筑结构设计 design value of earthquake-resistant strength of materials 材料抗震强度设计值 design value of load-carrying capacity of members 构件承载能力设计值designations 0f steel 钢材牌号 designvalue of material strength 材料强度设计值 destructive test 破损试验 detailing reintorcement 构造配筋 detailing requirements 构造要求 diamonding 菱形变形 diaphragm 横隔板 dimensional errors 尺寸偏差 distribution factor of snow pressure 屋面积雪分布系数 dogspike 扒钉 yield strength (yield point of steel 钢材(钢筋屈服强度(屈服点)Carry out drilling operation in accordance with the drilling program. 按钻井程序进行钻井作业.Prepared bell nipple. 准备”喇叭口”短节.Make up 2 joints of drill pipe. 接两根钻杆.Break out this connection. 卸开该接头.Run hole opener to sea bed. 下扩眼器到海底Mix gel fluid for drilling conductor hole. 为钻导管井眼配制高粘度泥浆.Make up bottom hole assembly. 组合下部钻具Check and reset crown-saver on every tour. 每个班都要检查并重新调整天车防碰装置.Number stands on trip out and trip in. 起下钻时给立柱编号.Pick up BHA and run to seafloor. 将下部钻具下到海底.Pick up stands. 接立柱Don’t drill faster than 15 minutes for 1 stand. 钻进速度别超过15分钟1根立柱Drop TOTCO. 投(陶特)测斜仪Fish TOTCO with overshot. 用打捞筒捞起测斜仪Resume drilling to T.D. 继续钻进到总深Circulate 15 minutes.循环15分钟Run in hole. 下钻Put out of hole. 起钻Make an inventory of all ring gaskets. 开一个所有垫圈的清单Use spinning tong. 使用气动扳手Operate the air winch. 操作气动绞车Lay down 57 joints of 5” drill pipe. 甩57根钻杆Pick up drill stem test tool. 提起钻杆测试工具Circulate mud for 2 hours. 循环泥浆2小时Move string during circulation. 在循环时注意活动钻具Circulate hole clean. 循环清洗井眼Circulate bottoms up. 循环泥浆几周Fill up every 5 stands. 每5柱灌泥浆一次Check mud weight every 15 minutes. 每15分钟检查泥浆比重Reverse out excess cement. 反循环替出多余的泥浆Change/replace old mud by new mud. 用新的泥浆替换出旧的泥浆Stop drilling. 停止钻进Drilling ahead. 钻进Pull out of hole bit. 起出钻头Change bit. 换钻头Run the wear bushing. 下抗磨补心The bit thread type is regular pin. 钻头丝扣是正规公扣What’s the make-up torque? 上扣扭矩要多大?Run in 9” collars. 下9”钻铤The cathead can’t give enough torque. 猫头力量不够Connect crossover sub. 接上配合接头The tong angle is too small. 大钳的角度太小了Stop circulating. 停止循环泥浆Break out the stand. 卸立柱Set the single into the mousehole. 把这个单根放进鼠洞Can we break out the pipe with rotary table? 可用转盘卸扣吗?No! Break it out with tong. 不行! 要用大钳卸扣Spin it out with the air spanner. 用气动扳手卸扣Put the pipe wiper on the string. 装上钻杆刮泥器Don’t set this stand back. 这根钻杆不要放在钻杆盒上Make up the lift sub. 接好提升短节Secure the safety clamp. 上紧安全卡瓦The bit is nearing the shoe. 钻头快到套管鞋了Slow down the running speed. 放慢下放速度This is the undergauged interval. 这是缩径井段This is the drilling program. 这是钻井设计书How much weight on bit is required? 要加多少钻压?Keep the rotary speed at 120---140 RPM. 转速保持120---140转/分Keep the flow rate at 3000 LPM. 保持排量3000升/分The pump pressure is too high. 泵压太高了Don’t ream the hole too fast. 划眼不要太快Notice the rotary torque. 注意转盘扭矩的变化The penetration rate is getting slower. 钻速变慢了The bit is nearly worn out. 钻头快磨光了Stop drilling at 2000 meters. 钻至2000米停钻Circulate for one hour. 循环一个小时The pump pressure has increased. 泵压升高了One nozzle may be plugged. 可能有一个水眼(或: 喷嘴)堵了What is the hook load? 悬重多少?What’s the pick-up weight? 上提重量是多少?What’s the lowering weight? 下放重量是多少?Run in HWDP. 下加重钻杆A stabilizer is needed here. 这里需要一个扶正器This is a flexible sub. 这是挠性接头This is the BHA log. 这是下部钻具组合记录Record all outside and inside diameters. 记录好所有(入井工具的)内外径We need a short drill collar. 需要一根短钻铤Pull the cat line. 拉猫头Operate the break lever. 操作(或:扶)刹把Stop the pumps. 停泵Make a wiper trip. 通井Retrieve wear bushing. 取出抗磨补心Bleed off pressure. (释)放压(力)Keep 5 wraps on the drum. 滚筒上留5圈Set slips. 座上卡瓦If tight hole, repeat wiper trip. 如果井眼紧, 重复划眼Setback bottom hole assembly. 将下部钻具立于钻杆盒内Make sure all alarms are on. 确保所有的警报信号都开着Lay down TDS spinner. 拆下顶部驱动的旋扣器Run in hole bit #15 to bottom. 用15号钻头下钻到井底Run in hole to casing shoe. 下钻至套管鞋Pick up same bit and BHA. 装上同样的钻头和钻具组合Lay down 5” HW drill pipe. 甩5”加重钻杆Move string every 2 hours. 每2小时活动钻具一次Keep area around shaker clean. 保持振动筛区域干净Control trip gas. 控制起下钻气Ream if needed. 如必要时进行划眼Select the best penetration rate. 选择最佳钻进速度Fix the traveling assembly. 固定游动系统100. Check power tongs and spinning rope are on drill floor. 检查动力钳和尾绳是否在钻台What’s the weight on bit? 钻压是多少?What is the BHA of this well? 这口井的下部钻具如何组合?Drill out cement. 钻穿水泥Latch the elevator. 扣吊卡Unlatch the elevator. 开吊卡Set the slips. 放卡瓦Adjust the crown-o-matic (crown saver). 调整防碰天车Lock the hook pin. 锁紧大钩销子Check OD of stabilizer. 检查扶正器的外径Perform leak off test. 进行地层破裂(或:渗漏)测试Connect kill and choke line. 接上压井和放喷管线Reverse out the drill pipe. 反循环清洗钻杆Make a short trip. 进行短途起下钻Change the cutters. 换割刀Slug the pipe. 灌重泥浆Drill the stand down. 钻完立柱Start/run the shale shaker. 开振动筛Start the desanders. 开除砂器Start the desilters. 开除泥器Change it with a 40 mesh screen. 换成40目筛布Shut it off. 关掉Pull it to the cat ramp. 把它拉到坡道上去Make a fast connection. 接单根要快Don’t dump the mud into the sea. 不要把泥浆排放到海里Disconnect it with a chain tong. 用链钳卸开Put a thread protector. 加一个(丝扣)护箍Can we use the power slips? 可以使用动力卡瓦吗? Casing and Cementing 下套管与固井Run in hole to bottom for wiper trip. 下钻通井This is the casing program. 这是套管程序Prepare for running casing. 准备下套管Make everything ready for running 7”casing. 做好下7”套管的准备Make cementing job. 固井Displace cementing with mud pump. 用泥浆泵替泥浆Set cement plug from 2940 to 2790m. 在2940到2790米井段打水泥塞Pick up cementing head. 接水泥头Cement samples are hard. 水泥样已凝固Pump in 3 cubic meters of spacer. 注3方隔离液Pump down the plug. 泵压(胶)塞Wait on cement. 候凝The guide shoe will be connected. 接引鞋Connect the floor collar. 接浮箍Connect the air line to the casing stabbing board. 接好套管扶正台的气管线Run casing with the 350T slip elevator. 用350吨卡瓦式吊卡下套管Clean and dry 20” casing threads with rags. 清洁并擦干20”套管丝扣Where is the rabbit for drifting the casing? 套管通径规在哪里?Rig Move, Anchoring and Positioning 拖航, 抛锚, 定位What is our position now? 我们现在船位在哪里?What’s the moving speed now? (What’s the towering speed?) 拖航速度是多少?The speed is about 4 knots. 船速是4节左右Which one is the main tug? 主拖是哪条船?The main tug is Nanhai 205. 主拖是南海205Which one is the chase boat? 护航船是哪一条?How much is the horse power? 有多大马力?She has 6000 HP. 有6000马力Move the rig off location 50 feet. 将平台移开50英尺We are ready to drop the anchor. 我们已经做好抛锚的准备了Secure all the movable equipment. 固定好各种活动的设备Preload. (自升式)压载Ballast. (半潜式)压载Put the preload water into the tank. 向压载舱灌压压载水We need 5500 tons of preload water. 需要5500吨压载水Shall we preload right now? 马上开始压载吗?Drain the water off. 放水The rig is overloaded. 平台已超载Jack up (jack down) the rig. 升(降)船The draft is 3.5 meters. 船体吃水3.5米The jetting pressure is 100psi. 冲桩压力是100psiPenetrate the legs. 插桩How much penetration do we have? 入泥多深了?No.1 and No.2 legs indicate 10 meters. 1,2号桩腿插入10米Fix the upper and lower wedges. 固定上下楔块Pay out the anchor line. 放出锚缆绳Skid the derrick. 移开井架The rig is short of potable water now. 平台缺乏饮用水Drop No.2 and No.3 anchors. 抛2号和3号锚Why has the main engine stopped? 主机为什么停?Unleash the drilling tools. 卸开钻具Tighten up. 绷紧(或:上紧)一点Turn on the cooling water for the windlasses. 开锚机刹车冷却水Retrieve the No.1 to No.8 anchors. 起1到8号锚Check the paint marks at the anchor winches. 检查锚机上的油漆记号Prepare for a location move. 准备好移井位Commence anchor handling. 开始起锚(或抛锚)Secure all equipment stored on deck. 固定好所有存放在甲板上的设备Carry out stability and load calculations. 做稳性和载荷计算Pass pendant line, shackle and buoy to anchor handling vessel. 将起抛锚短索, 卸扣和浮标吊起给起锚船Lower the windward anchor to seafloor. 抛上风锚到海底Pick up the leeward anchor first. 先起下风锚Take anchor chaser (or chaser) back to rig. 将捞/抛锚环送回平台Hook up towing lines to tug boat. 将拖缆连接到拖轮Sound fog signal for two seconds every twenty seconds. 发大雾信号, 每20秒钟响两秒Fishing 打捞The bit cutters have been lost in the hole. 牙轮落井Run in the reverse-circulation basket. 下反循环打捞篮There is a lot of junk in the hole. 井下有很多落物The fish is 235.46 meters long. 落鱼长度235.46米The fish top is at 2478.34 meters. 鱼顶位置2478.34米Coring 取芯Stop drilling for coring. 停钻准备取芯Make up core bit. 接取芯钻头A-60 fire door A-60级防火门abrasive (喷砂用的)磨料abrasive paper 砂纸AC generator 交流发电机AC motor 交流电动机accelerated corrosion testing 加速腐蚀试验acceptance criteria 合格准则access hole (for welding)=cope hole 焊接工艺孔acetylene gas 乙炔acid electrode 酸性焊条acid proof cement 防酸水泥additive 添加剂AFC (approved for construction) 建造批准agitator 搅拌器air blower 鼓风机air compressor 空压机air drive pump 气动泵
