一、 航空器及其系统（aircraft and its system）（一） 航空器机构（aircraft structure）机体（飞机除发动机外的完整结构）airframe机身（不包括机翼、机尾、发动机）fuselage驾驶舱cockpit/flight deck机头nose风挡windshield/ windscreen机腹belly～landing蒙皮skin前部front (fore) part后部rear (aft) part左舷（舵）port～engine右舷（舵）starboard～engine内侧发动机inboard engine or inboards外侧发动机outboard engine or outboards发动机吊舱nacelle轮舱wheel well主轮main landing wheel前轮nose wheel(大)机翼(main) wing机翼前缘leading edge机翼后缘trailing edge翼尖wing tip操纵面control surface副翼ailerons缝翼slots/slats升降舵elevators方向舵rudder垂直安定面fin(vertical stabilizer)水平安定面 horizontal stabilizer调整片trim tab襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘襟翼）flaps (inboard flap, outboard flap, leading edge flaps)襟翼设定flap setting襟翼角flap angle全襟翼位置full flap position放下襟翼（收上襟翼）extend the flaps (retract the flaps)无襟翼着陆/无襟翼无缝翼着陆flapless landing/landing without slats/flaps襟翼被卡阻the flaps are jammed阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、打开）spoilers (inboard/outboard spoiler) (spoiler downup)减速板（阻流板）speed brakes/air braking起落架landing gear/undercarriage起落架锁定/未锁定gear locked/unlocked起落架前轮nose wheel起落架舱wheel well起落架舱门wheel door放下起落架（收上起落架）extend/lower/deploy the gear (retract the gear)放轮（收轮）gear extension (gear retraction)起落架被卡阻the gear is jammed应急放下系统emergency extension system摇动放下起落架crank the gear down/manually lower the gear轮胎爆破Burst tyre/blow out/flat tyre瘪胎deflated tyre漏胎flat tyre轮胎被扎破puncture反推装置thrust reverser排气道和尾锥tail cone天线antenna客舱passenger Cabin地板floor顶棚（板）ceiling机上厨房galley厕所toilet前(后)货舱forward(after)hold(下)货舱lower cargo compartment航行灯navigation light左(右)着陆灯left(right)landing lamp闪光灯flash light警告灯warning light（二）航空器系统（aircraft system）1．动力系统（power plant system）辅助动力装置APU(auxiliary power unit)引擎短舱 nacelle (engine cowling）螺旋桨propeller风车windmill发动机吸进了鸟/水bird/water ingestion外来物损伤FOD(foreign object damage)发动机失效engine failure机械故障engineering trouble/mechanical problem发动机熄火engine flame out抖动vibration马力小 the engine is low on power停车engine shutdown发动机喘振 engine surge振动vibration动作筒actuator风扇fan气缸cylinderEGT(exhaust gas temperature排气温度)2．燃油系统（fuel system）燃油箱 fuel tanks燃油泵fuel pump燃油油压过低警告灯low fuel pressure warning lights煤油kerosene航空煤油aviation kerosene升压,增压(泵)boost(pump)放油fuel dumping/jettison消耗consume油箱fuel tank油量不足short of fuel不充足insufficient剩余remain燃油增压泵fuel booster pump燃油（滑油）压力低fuel(oil)pressure low(drop)3．液压(滑油)系统hydraulic（oil ）system·滑油温度表 oil temperature indicator千斤顶(actuating) jacks密封圈seals活门valve。
4．电器系统（electrical system）发电机generator motor无线电设备Radio equipment(备份)保险丝(spare)fuse电线wire插头plug电路circuit跳开关circuit breaker电瓶(电压)battery(voltage)电表ammeter继电器relay调压器voltage regulator5．空调系统（air-conditioning system）密封系统Sealing system增压系统pressurization system通风系统venting system氧气设备oxygen equipment减压 释压decompression减压 释压depressurize失密pressure failure冷却 cooling加热 heating氧气面罩oxygen mask流量flow驾驶舱加温pilot cabin heat6．刹车系统（brake system）刹车brakes防滞装置an anti-skid device防滞刹车anti-skid brake刹车不可靠the brakes are unreliable刹车状况不好 braking action is poor松刹车brakes released刹车brakes set气刹车pneumatic braking手刹车manual braking7．应急系统（emergency system）灭火系统extinguisher system防冰系统deicing system超温（过热）overheat发动机灭火瓶engine fire bottles机翼除冰wing deicing（三） 驾驶舱（cockpit）1．操纵系统（control system）飞行操纵系统flight control system飞行管理计算机系统(FMCS)flight management computer system人工操纵系统manual controls自动驾驶操纵系统autopilot controls自动油门系统auto throttle system仪表着陆系统instrument landing system中央操纵台center console操纵台control stand控制板control panel杆levers/stick/column操纵杆control column操纵手柄handle油门thrust levers按钮或旋钮knobs开关switch曲柄（摇把）cranks前轮转弯手操作盘nose wheel steering hand wheel机内通话inter communication耳机head set装载与配平系统weight and balance system2．航空器仪表（aircraft instrument）仪表instrument /gauge/indicator仪表板instrument panel顶部仪表板overhead panel主显示系统primary display system指示器（仪表）indicator飞行指引仪flight director地评议horizon indicator备份地评议stand by gyro-horizon发动机仪表engine indicator高度表altimeter气压高度表pressure altimeter无线电高度表radio altimeter空速表airspeed indicator升降速度表vertical speed indicator(rate of climb and descent indicator) 转速表R.P.M(revolutions per minute)起落架位置指示器landing gear/undercarriage position indicator刹车压力表brake pressure gauge偏流指示器deviation altimeter超温（过热）overheat3．航空器动作（aircraft manoeuvre ）俯仰pitch/tilt横滚roll偏转yaw压坡度bank the aircraft抬（提）起lift off/rotate抬机头pitch up the aircraft (to nose up)推机头pitch down the aircraft (to nosedown)大角度爬升climb steeply修正动作corrective action改平level off失速stall螺旋spin从失速中改出recover from stall急转弯sharp turn减慢（速度）slow down跟踪trail二、 气象（meteorology）（一）云（cloud）云底高ceiling少云 FEW 1～2/8, few疏云 SCT 3～4/8, scattered裂开云，多云 5～7/8, broken满天云 8/8 , overcast (continuous)在云中In cloud断续云中In and out of cloud云在增加cloud is building up云在消散cloud is clearing up/dissipating积雨云CB(cumulonimbus)塔状积雨云towering cumulonimbus（二） 能见度（visibility）晴空sky clear薄雾Mist轻雾light fog浓雾dense fog吹雾,平流雾drifting fog雾在消散fog is clearing up雾越来越浓fog is getting worse霾Haze烟Smoke烟雾Smog沙暴sandstorm（三） 风（wind）风wind地面风surface wind无风（静风）wind calm微风light wind中速风moderate wind强风strong wind顺风tailwind顶风headwind侧风crosswind阵风gust阵风达8 m/s, gusts up to 8 m/s风向风速仪wind-gauge稳定风steady wind风向不稳定variable wind风越来越大the wind is getting stronger风切变wind shear微暴microburst风暴storm涡流vortex(vortices)（四） 颠簸（turbulence）晴空颠簸clear air turbulence中度颠簸moderate turbulence严重颠簸severe turbulence平稳的smooth上升气流updraught下降气流downdraught高空急流jet stream（五） 降水（precipitation）小雨light rain大雨heavy rain间歇性雨intermittent rain连续性降水continuous rain偶尔下阵雨occasional showers零零散散的阵雨scattered showers毛毛雨drizzle雪snow冻雨freezing rain雨夹雪sleet飑（线）squall飓风hurricane龙卷风tornado冰雹hail雷暴thunderstorm闪电光flash of lightning闪电lightning雹暴hailstorm雪暴snowstorm结冰icing（六） 温度（temperature）外界温度，大气温度outside air temperature露点温度dewpoint温度在上升the temperature is rising温度在下降the temperature is falling/dropping温度稳定the temperature is steady（七）跑道道面状况（runway surface condition）在化的雪melting snow雪水（或半化的雪）slush雪堆snow drift雪清除snow clearance跑道上有结冰the runway is icy冰块(跑道上结的一块块冰)ice patches跑道湿the runway is wet跑道滑the runway is slippery积水pools of water/ standing water 、floodwater刹车效应差braking action is poor刹车效应好braking action is good刹车效应中braking action is medium三、 机场车辆（airport vehicle）地面车辆ground vehicle/car机坪车辆ramp vehicle引导车follow me car空调车air condition car运送乘客巴士shuttle bus大客车coach摆渡车airport passenger bus/ferry餐车galley service truck食品车（配餐车）catering truck拖车tow tug/towing tractor拖把tow bar机载客梯air stairs/steps地面电源车ground power vehicle (unit)气源车pneumatic救火车fire engine(truck)救护车ambulance急救车first-aid加油车refueller油车tank car供水车water service truck平台车dolly保安运货车security van牵引车tractor犁雪车snow plough吹雪车runway snow blower除冰车ice-melter吊臂车cherry-picker挖土车bull-dozer起重机crane四、 地面相关设备与服务（relevant ground equipment and service）服务设备furnishing equipment医疗服务medical service安全服务safety services候机楼terminal客/停机坪apron/ramp廊桥（英）air bridge/loading bridge廊桥（美）jetway登机口passenger gate海关customs输送带conveyor地勤ground handling机库hangar舱单load sheet航空运货单air waybill登机（英）embark/board轮挡wheel chock风挡刮水器（美）windshield wiper风挡刮水器（英）windscreen wiper下飞机，从飞机上卸下（英）disembark/unload地面电源插座external socket地面电源ground power外部电源external power拔下地面(外部) 电源disconnect ground(external) power接上地面(外部) 电源reset ground(external) power气源start air供气supply start air拔下(接上)气源disconnect（reset）start air unit消防队fire service/assistance故障排除trouble shooting/fixed航空常用英语单词五、关于非正常情况和紧急情况的词汇及词组A: Abort take-off/reject/abandon中断起飞A flock of birds一群鸟At your own discretion由你自己决定Adjust调整As published根据公布的Airborne升空Active runway(runway in use)正在使用的跑道Air conditioning smoke=pack空调冒烟Anonymous call(letter)匿名电话（信）Anti-icing system inoperative防冰系统不工作allocate分配aileron副翼auxiliary辅助attacked攻击B: Backtrack调头Belly landing(gear up landing)机腹落地Bird strike鸟击Birds ingestion吸鸟Bomb炸弹Breaking action刹车效应Braking action poor刹车效应差Burst tyre/blow out/flat tyre爆胎burn off消耗baggage loader传送带blast fence气流档板C: Cabin fire客舱失火Caution wake turbulence注意尾流Cabin temperature is rising客舱温度升高Cargo fire/smoke货舱失火/冒烟Center of gravity to the rear重心靠后Commence开始Converging会聚Cockpit window broken驾驶舱窗户出现问题Converging traffic汇聚飞机conflict冲突cough咳cracked破裂chemicals of industrial化学品crane operating=hoist吊车crossfeed valve failureD: Distance距离Destination目的地Detect探测Deviate from the corridor偏出走廊Discharge extinguisher(agent)喷射灭火瓶（灭火剂Ditching水上迫降Dumping(jettison)放油Due separation=spcing由于间隔debris=fragments(metal strips)碎片dense smoke浓烟drunk醉酒dispatched派遣decelerating减速disease outbreak疾病爆发detonate explosives引爆炸药E: Electric smoke or fire电器冒烟或火警Emergency braking应急刹车Emergency descent紧急下降Emergency evacuation紧急撤离Emergency gear extension not available(failure)应急放轮不成功Emergency gear extension应急放轮Emergency landing紧急落地Engine failure发动机失效Engine fire发动机失火Epidemic=pandemic流行病F: Fire engine/fire truck救火车fuel dumping/fuel jettison放油Fuel leak out漏油Flame out熄火Fly around (go round, circumnavigate, detour, offset)绕航Forced landing迫降Fuel level is going down燃油液面下降fade area盲区fever发烧fuel starvation不足＝fuel supplyfighter战斗机fainted晕倒first-aid relief materials on baord紧急药品flight strip printer飞行进程单G: Give way to让路Glide path下滑道Ground air地面气源Ground power地面电源gun-launched area火箭炮空地H: Hijacker劫持者Heart attack/disease心脏病Hydraulic pressure is dropping rapidly液压压力快速跌落Hydraulic system leak液压系统泄漏automatic direction finding system自动指引系统ADFShelicopter直升机hypertension lost consciousness高血压失去知觉badly hurt=injuryI: Intercept localizer切航道ntention打算incursion入侵illuminated照明J: Jammed stabilizer landing安定面卡阻L: Level change on route航路上高度改变Left or right at your convenience左右随你Low pass低空通场M: Military movement军事活动Maneuver left or right右左机动Make further checks作进一步调查Mechanical failure机械故障mistake=false＝incorrect错误mountain山脉=air convectivemake a short circuit小航线N: No restriction无限制Noise abatement procedure减噪音程序Nose gear steering inoperative前轮转弯不工作O: Opposite direction相反方向Obstacle(obstruction)障碍物Overheat超温orbit盘旋organize组织obese肥胖＝policy violationP: Parallel runway (taxiway)平行跑道（滑行道）PAX baggage identification旅客行李识别PAX evacuation旅客撤离PAX stairs/steps旅客客梯Proceeding to飞往，前往Prohibited area禁区Priority landing优先落地Prohibited(forbidden)area禁区Q: quarantine隔离quarreled争吵R: Reduce减小Revised app. clearance修正的进近许可Registered No.注册号码Rest route unchanged其余航路不变Reason unknown原因不明Returning(coming back)返场S: Same direction同向Short of fuel燃油短缺Skid off (slide off)滑出Slight( moderate, severe,serious) turbulence轻度（中度，严重）颠簸Smoke continue烟雾继续Stall失速Stretcher担架Structure damage结构损坏swine flu猪流感stroke中风sick病shiver发抖special flight特殊飞行T: Taxi with caution滑行小心Thunder-storm ( build up, CB, indication of WX) 雷雨Too close to the preceding aircraft太接近前面飞机Try to find the cause试图查明原因Transmitter发射机 tail strike擦尾turbine blades涡轮碎片U: Unreported vehicle未经报告的车辆Unsure my position不明位置Unaccompanied child无人陪伴的儿童V: Visual app目视进近volcanic ashes火山灰vortex漩涡W: Wheel well fire轮舱失火Wind shear风切变Windshield风挡Work in progress ahead前面正在施工Wheel chair轮椅Warning light on警告灯亮wrong direction错误方向wheelchairs=handicapped障碍人士六、飞行中常用的单词A: above cloud在云上aborted-take off abandoned-take off rejected中断起飞adjacent to靠近advised进一步airborne升空aircraft status状况airway航路all stations各电台approved同意apron机坪anti-icing system防冰系统ask for请求as published -at the moment暂时根据公布at your own discretion由你自己决定available有效的,可行的B: back on course回到航路backtrack180度调头Balance平衡Ballast压舱板be held up阻碍behind在后面belongs to属于be stuck in卡住between两者之间bird strike鸟击birds ingestion吸鸟broken断开 break break断开burst tyre-blow out-=flat tyre爆胎busy忙buildup雷雨C: cabin decompression客舱释压cabin altitude客舱高度cabin fire客舱失火cancel取消calm镇静cannot不能call sign呼叫change改变cargo conveyor belt传送带check检查CG moved to the rear part unbalanced重心移动、后部不平衡check again再检查clearance许可close接近closing from right从右接近Commence开始Comply with遵守congestion拥挤conflicting冲突cross穿越crew机组crowd拥挤circle to land反向落地collide撞＝collisionD: detailed taxi instruction详细滑行指示delays undetermined延误未确定detour buildup绕航雷雨displaced内移distress遇险ditching水上迫降Don’t sink不要下沉due broken surface由于道面破损due spacing由于间隔due weight由于重量during push back推机期间E: effective有效encounter moderate turbulence遇到中度颠簸experiencing moderate turbulence遇到中度颠簸emergency紧急emergency descent紧急下降emergency service应急设施engine failure发动机故障established LOC建立航道expedite加速 extinguish扑灭extend downwind延长三边expect higher level预计高高度expect预计 estimating预计F: facing west面朝前面飞机fast turn off快速道flame out熄火flight plan route飞行计划航路first第一first convenient right第一道口右转follow-in front of在前面forced被迫forced landing迫降freighter货机full call sign全呼further advised进一步通知exit出口，离开G: gear is not down轮未放下glide slope(path)下滑道give way to让路ground staff地面工作人员go round绕航 重力gravityH: holding area等待区域I: icy patches冰片identified识别l-need需要immediately立即inoperative不工作instruction指令intercept切入intersection交叉口initially起始it’s famous for---以--著名J: jammed卡阻L: leave frequency脱波leave this area离开此区域low pass低空通场lose time消磨时间M: magnetic track磁航迹Maintenance维护make orbit right右盘旋maybe可能maneuver机动marshaller信号员miss turn off 错过快速道Monitor监督/班长moving移动message信息N: navigation导航nearest/closest最近的not below FL130不低于FL130unsure of my position位置不确定north east 东北north west西北nose gear前轮-next下一个O: obstacles障碍物orbit盘旋overtake超越P: PAX seriously ill旅客严重生病parking on the apron在停机坪PAX stairs/steps旅客客梯port engine左发position位置possible reason可能的原因present position目前位置prevent预防problem问题proceed to前往pull in to the left停靠到左面pull over to the left停靠到左面pull up拉升Q: queued up排队R: radial径向线r/w vacated跑道脱离rapidly迅速readback复诵reach到达realize意识reason unknown原因不明recommend劝告,推荐reduce to minimum app.减小到最低进近速度Regulation规章replacement替换件request priority请求优先response回答resume恢复recleared重新许可request level change en route请求航路高度改变Rescue营救revised修正了的Responsibility责任、职责right track右航迹rising上升rudder方向舵S: second第二short count短数short final短五边sink rate下沉率skid off滑出,偏出slot time离场时间snow雪squawk应答机squawk identing应答机识别starboard engine右发问题strengthen security加强安全struck by lightning遭闪电击stuck陷入structure结构sure确信survivals幸存者suspected heart attack疑惑有心脏病T: take the second left第二道口左转there is WX ahead前面有雷third第三thunderstorm雷雨Threshold跑道入口处tow bar拖把track out出航transmitter发射机transmitting blind盲发turbulence颠簸U: unable不能够unable to comply不能执行undercarriage起落架until直到unknown traffic不明飞机urgency紧急V: vacate脱离vector引导verify核实visual check目视检查W: waiting等待why overshot为什么复飞work in progress在施工